Imaginary Picture of Kepler-451 b

Display orbital revolution of Kepler-451 b around the hoststar 2M 1938+46
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Exoplanet Name : Kepler-451 b
Alternate Name :
Status : Confirmed
Radius (Rjup / Re): 0.9078 (Rjup) 10.1759 (Rearth)
Mass (Mjup / Me): 1.8600 (Mjup) 591.3647 (Mearth)
Semi Major Axis / Orbital Distance Calculated 0.9000 (AU) 0.9000 (AU Est.)
Eccentricity : 0.3300
Orbital Period(Yrs) 1.1115
Orbital Period(Observed/Estimated) 406.00 (Days Obs.) 402.60 (Days Est.)
Surface Gravity (G Earth) 5.7110
Star Radiation at Atmospheric Boundary: 2470.4 (W/m2)
Measured Temperature (K) 0.0 (K)
Blackbody T 0.1(K) 314.7 (K)
Blackbody T 0.3(K) 295.5 (K)
Blackbody T 0.7(K) 239.1 (K)
Tidally Locked Blackbody T 0.1(K) 374.2 (K)
Tidally Locked Blackbody T 0.3(K) 351.4 (K)
Size Class: Jupiter-size
Mass Class:
Detection Type : Primary Transit
Mass Detection : Timing
Radius Detection :
Habitability by Solar Eq. Astronomical Unit: Habitable
Habitability by Kopparapu: Not habitable
Star Name : 2M 1938+46
Alternate Name : Kepler-451
Star Distance(LY) : 1292.8
Stellar Radius(Rsun) : 0.3 (Rsun Estimated)
Stellar Mass(Msun) : 0.6 (Msun Measured) 0.6 (Msun Estimated)
Star Age : 0.0 (GY)
Temperature : 10868 (K)
Spectral type : sdB+M
UV portion[%]: 6.9
Visible portion[%]: 43.2
IR portion[%]: 49.9
Metalicity : 0.0
Absolute Magnitude: 14.0
Apparent Magnitude: 22.0
Right Ascension(RA) 294.6375
Declination (DEC) 46.0664
Hubble Space Telescope Guide Star Catalog (GSC) ID
Discovered by
Discovery Paper - Authors
Discovery Paper - Title
Discovery Paper - Journal
Discovery Paper - URL
SIMBAD LINK
Open Exoplanet Database Link
Kepler-451 b
Kepler-451 b

  • Kepler-451 b is an exoplanet orbiting the star 2M 1938+46, located about 1292.8 light-years (396.4 pc) away from Solar System. Its discovery was publicly announced on 2015.
  • The host star 2M 1938+46 has apparent magnitude of 22.0, with absolute magnitude of 14.0.
  • It is 0.6 times more massive and 0.3 times bigger compared with our Sun. The surface temperature is 10868 with its spectral types of sdB+M
  • In this planetary system, the extrasolar planet Kepler-451 b orbits around the star 2M 1938+46 every 406.0 days with its orbital distance of 0.90 AU ( 134638083.6 km)
  • (Projected orbit of Kepler-451 b around its host star 2M 1938+46)


  • The Star 2M 1938+46 's habitable zone is located at the following distance
  • Inner Boundary (the orbital distance at Venus's Equivalent Radiation ) : 0.875 AU ( 130913211.8 km)
  • Earth Boundary (the orbital distance at Earth's Equivalent Radiation) : 1.210 AU ( 180956270.5 km)
  • Outer Boundary (the orbital distance at Mars's Equivalent Radiation) : 1.843 AU ( 275737310.7 km)
  • Snow Line (the orbital distance at Snow Line Equivalent Radiation) : 2.712 AU ( 405759531.9 km)
  • Radiation at Planetary Boundary of Kepler-451 b : 2470.42 W/m2

    (Habitable zone calculated based on SEAU(Solar Equivalent Astronomical Unit) around the star 2M 1938+46)



  • Kopparapu Recent Venus for Star 2M 1938+46 distance : nan AU
  • Kopparapu Runaway Greenhouse for Earth-sized planet for Star 2M 1938+46 distance : nan AU
  • Kopparapu Runaway Greenhouse for Super-Earth-sized planet for Star 2M 1938+46 distance : nan AU
  • Kopparapu Runaway Greenhouse for Mars-sized planet for Star 2M 1938+46 distance : nan AU
  • Kopparapu Outer Boundary for Maximum Greenhouse for Star 2M 1938+46 distance : nan AU
  • Kopparapu Outer Boundary for Early Mars for Star 2M 1938+46 distance : nan AU

    (Habitable zone calculated based on Kopparapu et al.(2013) around the star 2M 1938+46)



  • Original Kopparapu Recent Venus for Star 2M 1938+46 distance : 1.349 AU
  • Original Kopparapu Runaway Greenhouse for Star 2M 1938+46 distance : nan AU
  • Original Kopparapu Moist Greenhouse for Star 2M 1938+46 distance : 1.785 AU
  • Original Kopparapu Outer Boundary for Maximum Greenhouse for Star 2M 1938+46 distance : nan AU
  • Original Kopparapu Outer Boundary for Early Mars for Star 2M 1938+46 distance : nan AU

    (Habitable zone calculated based on Kopparapu et al.(Original) around the star 2M 1938+46)



    (Position in Stellar Map of star 2M 1938+46 and its Exoplanet Kepler-451 b)



    (Zoomed position in Stellar Map of star 2M 1938+46 and its Exoplanet Kepler-451 b (zoom level 3))

    (Synthetic Spectrum of star 2M 1938+46*)
    *Yamashiki YA et al. 2019 ApJ 881 114
    MUSCLES Paper I - France et al. 2016 ApJ 820 89
    MUSCLES Paper II- Youngblood et al. 2016 ApJ 824 101
    MUSCLES Paper III- Loyd et al. 2016 ApJ 824 102